SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. Grade 4 Titanium
SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.8 to 15 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 940 | |
| 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 41 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 1220 | |
| 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 to 2050 | |
| 640 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 480 to 1550 | |
| 530 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.0 | |
| 3.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.5 | |
| 6.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 500 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 97 to 180 | |
| 100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 74 | |
| 40 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 7.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 46 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 2.0 to 2.4 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13.5 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.3 to 87 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 98.6 to 100 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |