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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. AISI 409 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI D4 steel and AISI 409 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 409 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
24
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 920
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
75
Shear Strength, MPa 460 to 1210
270
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
25
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
6.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
94

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 15
11
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
83
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
6.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
10.5 to 11.7
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
84.9 to 89.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.75
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0