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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both SAE-AISI D4 steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 920
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
72
Shear Strength, MPa 460 to 1210
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
200 to 230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0.3 to 1.2
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0

Comparable Variants