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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. SAE-AISI D3 Steel

Both SAE-AISI D4 steel and SAE-AISI D3 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
9.8 to 15
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 920
310 to 940
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
74
Shear Strength, MPa 460 to 1210
470 to 1220
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
770 to 2050
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
480 to 1550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
31
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
3.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
3.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
8.0
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
100

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 15
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
97 to 180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
28 to 74
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
24 to 47
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
8.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
23 to 63

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
2.0 to 2.4
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
11 to 13.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
80.3 to 87
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 1.0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 1.0

Comparable Variants