SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. SAE-AISI D3 Steel
Both SAE-AISI D4 steel and SAE-AISI D3 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
190 |
Elongation at Break, % | 8.4 to 15 | |
9.8 to 15 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 920 | |
310 to 940 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
0.28 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
74 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 460 to 1210 | |
470 to 1220 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2060 | |
770 to 2050 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1540 | |
480 to 1550 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
270 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
1430 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
1390 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
480 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
31 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
12 |
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 4.2 | |
3.0 |
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.0 | |
3.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
8.0 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
7.7 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.3 | |
3.2 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
48 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
100 |
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 15 | |
13 |
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
97 to 180 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
14 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
25 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 75 | |
28 to 74 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
24 to 47 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
8.3 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 2.1 to 2.4 | |
2.0 to 2.4 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
11 to 13.5 |
Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
0 to 0.25 |
Iron (Fe), % | 80.6 to 86.3 | |
80.3 to 87 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
0 to 0.6 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
0 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
0 to 0.3 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
0 to 0.6 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
0 to 1.0 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
0 to 1.0 |