SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. C14510 Copper
SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C14510 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is C14510 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.4 to 15 | |
| 9.1 to 9.6 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 460 to 1210 | |
| 180 to 190 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2060 | |
| 300 to 320 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1540 | |
| 230 to 250 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 1050 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 360 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 33 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.3 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
| 25 to 29 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 75 | |
| 9.2 to 10 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 11 to 12 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 100 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 11 to 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 2.1 to 2.4 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 99.15 to 99.69 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.6 to 86.3 | |
| 0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0.010 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Tellurium (Te), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.7 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |