SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. C18600 Copper
SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C18600 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is C18600 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.4 to 15 | |
| 8.0 to 11 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 44 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 460 to 1210 | |
| 310 to 340 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2060 | |
| 520 to 580 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1540 | |
| 500 to 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1090 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 1070 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 280 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 4.2 | |
| 70 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.0 | |
| 71 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 31 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.3 | |
| 2.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 46 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
| 44 to 58 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.3 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 75 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 81 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 19 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 2.1 to 2.4 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
| 0.1 to 1.0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 96.5 to 99.55 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.6 to 86.3 | |
| 0.25 to 0.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0.050 to 0.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.050 to 0.4 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |