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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. C31400 Bronze

SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C31400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is C31400 bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
6.8 to 29
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
42
Shear Strength, MPa 460 to 1210
180 to 240
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
270 to 420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
78 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1040
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1010
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
380
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
180
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
18

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
42
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
43

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
29
Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
42
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
26 to 59
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
7.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
8.7 to 13
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
11 to 14
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
54
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
9.6 to 15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
0
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
87.5 to 90.5
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
0 to 0.1
Lead (Pb), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
5.8 to 11.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4