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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. C99500 Copper

SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C99500 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is C99500 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
120
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
13
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
45
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
240
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1090
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
1040
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
400
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
10

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
30
Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
47
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
300

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
63
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
7.7
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
19
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.5 to 2.0
Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
0
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
82.5 to 92
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
3.0 to 5.0
Lead (Pb), % 0
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
3.5 to 5.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0.5 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0.5 to 2.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.3