SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. R31233 Cobalt
SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R31233 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is R31233 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.4 to 15 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 920 | |
| 220 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 85 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2060 | |
| 1020 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1540 | |
| 420 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1350 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 1330 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 440 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 4.2 | |
| 2.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.0 | |
| 2.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.3 | |
| 8.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 480 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
| 140 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 75 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 3.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 25 |
Alloy Composition
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Carbon (C), % | 2.1 to 2.4 | |
| 0.020 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
| 23.5 to 27.5 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 44.7 to 63.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.6 to 86.3 | |
| 1.0 to 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.1 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 4.0 to 6.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 7.0 to 11 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.030 to 0.12 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.050 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 3.0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |