SAE-AISI M3 Class 2 Steel vs. Grade 16 Titanium
SAE-AISI M3 class 2 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI M3 class 2 steel and the bottom bar is grade 16 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 77 | |
| 38 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 to 2210 | |
| 400 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1620 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1570 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 440 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 26 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.3 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 12 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 180 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 26 to 74 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 45 | |
| 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.2 | |
| 8.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 24 to 69 | |
| 29 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 1.2 to 1.3 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 3.8 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 75.8 to 82.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 4.8 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.080 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.2 to 0.45 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 98.8 to 99.96 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 5.0 to 6.8 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.8 to 3.8 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |