SAE-AISI M48 Steel vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
Both SAE-AISI M48 steel and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. They have 69% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI M48 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 78 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 2390 | |
| 590 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1670 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1620 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 420 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 48 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.7 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 13 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 190 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 160 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 37 | |
| 29 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 76 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 23 to 45 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 26 to 71 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 1.4 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 3.5 to 4.0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 8.0 to 10 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 63.8 to 69.8 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 4.8 to 5.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 9.5 to 10.5 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.8 to 3.3 | |
| 0 |