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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. 3005 Aluminum

SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3005 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is 3005 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
70
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
140 to 270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
640
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.9
42
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.0
140

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 6.5
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.9
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
1180

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
49
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
14 to 27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
21 to 33
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
6.0 to 12

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
95.7 to 98.8
Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.1
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.3
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
0 to 0.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
1.0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.1
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15