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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium

SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
51
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
890 to 1340

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1740
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1690
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
500
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
7.5
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
7.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 6.5
60
Density, g/cm3 7.9
5.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
32
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
490
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
180

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
32
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
46 to 69
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
38 to 50
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
2.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
66 to 100

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
0
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
0 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
14 to 16
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0
2.2 to 3.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.17
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.25
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
76 to 81.2
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4