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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. Grade Ti-Pd18 Titanium

SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade Ti-Pd18 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is grade Ti-Pd18 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Rockwell C Hardness 35
34
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
710

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1590
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
550
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
8.2
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
9.1

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.9
1.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.0
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.9
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
41
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
670
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
270

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
44
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
39
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
52

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
0
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.15
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
92.5 to 95.5
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
2.0 to 3.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4