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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. S44330 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI P21 steel and S44330 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 77% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is S44330 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
440

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.9
2.7
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.0
3.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 6.5
13
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
40
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
140

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
5.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0 to 0.025
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
20 to 23
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0.3 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
72.5 to 79.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.8
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.8
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
0