SAE-AISI S4 Steel vs. C99300 Copper
SAE-AISI S4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C99300 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI S4 steel and the bottom bar is C99300 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 46 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 to 2140 | |
| 660 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 280 | |
| 240 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1070 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.4 | |
| 9.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.7 | |
| 9.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 35 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 29 | |
| 70 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 | |
| 400 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 8.3 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 to 77 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 48 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 to 65 | |
| 22 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 10.7 to 11.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.5 to 0.65 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.1 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 68.6 to 74.4 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 95.2 to 96.9 | |
| 0.4 to 1.0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 13.5 to 16.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 1.8 to 2.3 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |