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Type 3 Niobium vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Type 3 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals classification, while ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is Type 3 niobium and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 100
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
14
Poisson's Ratio 0.4
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 38
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 220
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 140
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 270
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 42
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.3
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 8.6
7.8
Embodied Water, L/kg 160
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 93
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 6.8
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 18
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 7.2
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 9.5
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 18
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.010
0.55 to 0.85
Hafnium (Hf), % 0 to 0.020
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.0015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.0050
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.3 to 1.2
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.010
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.0050
0
Niobium (Nb), % 98.6 to 99.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.010
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.015
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.0050
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Tantalum (Ta), % 0 to 0.1
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.020
0
Tungsten (W), % 0 to 0.030
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0