C21000 Brass vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel
C21000 brass belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C21000 brass and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 2.9 to 50 | |
| 11 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 43 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 240 to 450 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 69 to 440 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1070 | |
| 1390 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1050 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 390 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 30 | |
| 27 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 42 | |
| 65 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 13 to 100 | |
| 48 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 21 to 830 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.2 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 7.4 to 14 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.6 to 15 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.1 to 15 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 94 to 96 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 40.8 to 53.8 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 3.7 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |