C21000 Brass vs. C40500 Penny Bronze
Both C21000 brass and C40500 penny bronze are copper alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C21000 brass and the bottom bar is C40500 penny bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 2.9 to 50 | |
| 3.0 to 49 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.34 |
| Rockwell B Hardness | 36 to 73 | |
| 46 to 82 |
| Rockwell Superficial 30T Hardness | 44 to 68 | |
| 10 to 72 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 43 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 180 to 280 | |
| 210 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 240 to 450 | |
| 270 to 540 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 69 to 440 | |
| 79 to 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1070 | |
| 1060 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1050 | |
| 1020 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 390 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 230 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 56 | |
| 41 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 57 | |
| 42 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 30 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 42 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 13 to 100 | |
| 16 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 21 to 830 | |
| 28 to 1200 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.2 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 7.4 to 14 | |
| 8.5 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.6 to 15 | |
| 10 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 69 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.1 to 15 | |
| 9.5 to 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Copper (Cu), % | 94 to 96 | |
| 94 to 96 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.3 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 3.7 to 6.0 | |
| 2.1 to 5.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |