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C31400 Bronze vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

C31400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is C31400 bronze and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 6.8 to 29
14
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 42
73
Shear Strength, MPa 180 to 240
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 270 to 420
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 78 to 310
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 200
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 180
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1040
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1010
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 380
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 180
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 18
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 42
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 43
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 29
2.3
Density, g/cm3 8.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 42
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 310
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 26 to 59
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 7.1
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 18
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 8.7 to 13
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 11 to 14
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 54
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.6 to 15
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 87.5 to 90.5
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.1
96.8 to 97.7
Lead (Pb), % 1.3 to 2.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.7 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.7
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Zinc (Zn), % 5.8 to 11.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0