C31400 Bronze vs. C31600 Bronze
Both C31400 bronze and C31600 bronze are copper alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C31400 bronze and the bottom bar is C31600 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.8 to 29 | |
| 6.7 to 28 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 42 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 180 to 240 | |
| 170 to 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 270 to 420 | |
| 270 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 78 to 310 | |
| 80 to 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1010 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 380 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 180 | |
| 140 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 42 | |
| 32 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 43 | |
| 33 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 42 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 26 to 59 | |
| 30 to 58 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 28 to 420 | |
| 28 to 690 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 8.7 to 13 | |
| 8.5 to 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 11 to 14 | |
| 11 to 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 54 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 9.6 to 15 | |
| 9.4 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Copper (Cu), % | 87.5 to 90.5 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 1.3 to 2.5 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.7 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 5.8 to 11.2 | |
| 5.2 to 10.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |