C61000 Bronze vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
C61000 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C61000 bronze and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 29 to 50 | |
| 9.1 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 42 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 390 to 460 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 150 to 190 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 220 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 210 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 990 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 420 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 69 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 15 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 16 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.0 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 160 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.4 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 15 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 16 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 19 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 16 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 6.0 to 8.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 90.2 to 94 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |