C94400 Bronze vs. SAE-AISI D2 Steel
C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while SAE-AISI D2 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94400 bronze and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D2 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 5.0 to 16 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.35 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 37 | |
| 75 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 | |
| 760 to 2000 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 470 to 1510 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 350 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 4.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.9 | |
| 5.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.1 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 3.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 54 | |
| 50 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 390 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 | |
| 92 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 60 | |
| 570 to 5940 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.1 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 | |
| 27 to 72 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 24 to 46 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 25 to 67 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 1.4 to 1.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 76.1 to 84 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 81.3 to 86.9 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 7.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.1 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |