C94400 Bronze vs. C96300 Copper-nickel
Both C94400 bronze and C96300 copper-nickel are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 77% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94400 bronze and the bottom bar is C96300 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 55 | |
| 150 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 130 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 11 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.35 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 37 | |
| 49 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 | |
| 580 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 430 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 230 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 150 | |
| 240 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1200 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1150 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 350 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 37 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 16 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 6.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.9 | |
| 6.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 42 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.1 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 5.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 54 | |
| 76 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 390 | |
| 290 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 | |
| 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 60 | |
| 720 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.1 | |
| 8.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 10 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 76.1 to 84 | |
| 72.3 to 80.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 7.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |