C94700 Bronze vs. C84400 Valve Metal
Both C94700 bronze and C84400 valve metal are copper alloys. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94700 bronze and the bottom bar is C84400 valve metal.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 7.9 to 32 | |
| 19 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 43 | |
| 39 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 350 to 590 | |
| 230 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 160 to 400 | |
| 110 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 180 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 190 | |
| 160 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1030 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 900 | |
| 840 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 380 | |
| 370 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 54 | |
| 72 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 19 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 12 | |
| 16 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 12 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 34 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.5 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 56 | |
| 46 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 350 | |
| 340 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 41 to 89 | |
| 36 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 110 to 700 | |
| 58 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.3 | |
| 6.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 11 to 19 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 13 to 18 | |
| 9.4 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 16 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 12 to 21 | |
| 8.3 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 85 to 90 | |
| 78 to 82 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 6.0 to 8.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.5 to 6.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 4.5 to 6.0 | |
| 2.3 to 3.5 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 1.0 to 2.5 | |
| 7.0 to 10 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |