C94900 Bronze vs. Grade VDC Steel
C94900 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94900 bronze and the bottom bar is grade VDC steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 300 | |
| 1700 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 190 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 170 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 980 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 910 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 370 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 14 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 14 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 1.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 55 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 350 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.9 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 9.4 | |
| 60 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 11 | |
| 40 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 50 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 79 to 81 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 98.3 to 99.35 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0.5 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 4.0 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |