S45000 Stainless Steel vs. AWS E312

Both S45000 stainless steel and AWS E312 are iron alloys. They have 81% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is S45000 stainless steel and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

UNS S45000 (Alloy 450, XM-25) Stainless Steel AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		6.8 to 14
Elongation at Break, %		25

Poisson's Ratio		0.28
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		76
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		980 to 1410
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		280
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		11
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		13
Base Metal Price, % relative		20

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		39
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52

Embodied Water, L/kg		130
Embodied Water, L/kg		200

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		17
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		35 to 50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		28 to 36
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		33 to 47
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.050
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		14 to 16
Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32

Copper (Cu), %		1.3 to 1.8
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		72.1 to 79.3
Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.5 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75

Nickel (Ni), %		5.0 to 7.0
Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030