2011-T451 Aluminum
2011-T451 aluminum is 2011 aluminum in the T451 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated, stress relieved, then naturally aged. The stress relief is accomplished by stretching the metal by an amount that depends on the type of standard wrought product being made (sheet, plate, bar, or forging).
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2011-T451 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
71 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 %
Fatigue Strength
74 MPa 11 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
310 MPa 45 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
140 MPa 20 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
390 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
190 °C 370 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
640 °C 1190 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
540 °C 1000 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
140 W/m-K 79 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
35 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
100 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Density
3.1 g/cm3 200 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
7.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1150 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
41 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
140 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
44 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
28 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
33 points
Thermal Diffusivity
51 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
14 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 91.3 to 94.6 | |
| Cu | 5.0 to 6.0 | |
| Pb | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Bi | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.3 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984
EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties
Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013
EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products
Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993