2014-T4 Aluminum
2014-T4 aluminum is 2014 aluminum in the T4 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated and naturally aged. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2014-T4 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
14 %
Fatigue Strength
140 MPa 20 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Rockwell B Hardness
69
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
260 MPa 38 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
430 MPa 62 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
270 MPa 39 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
400 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
210 °C 410 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
630 °C 1160 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
510 °C 940 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
150 W/m-K 89 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
40 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
120 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Calomel Potential
-600 mV
Density
3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 64 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1130 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
54 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
500 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
46 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
39 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
42 points
Thermal Diffusivity
58 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 90.4 to 95 | |
| Cu | 3.9 to 5.0 | |
| Si | 0.5 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| Mg | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.15 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.1 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 586-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Forgings. Mechanical properties and additional property requirements.
ASTM B247: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Die Forgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring Forgings
ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001
ASTM B221: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
Handbook of Aluminum Bonding Technology and Data, J. D. Minford, 1993
EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties
ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties