2014-T651 Aluminum
2014-T651 aluminum is 2014 aluminum in the T651 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated, stress relieved, then artificially aged. The stress relief is accomplished by stretching the metal by an amount that depends on the type of standard wrought product being made (sheet, plate, bar, or forging).
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2014-T651 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
7.5 %
Fatigue Strength
130 MPa 18 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
290 MPa 42 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
490 MPa 70 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
420 MPa 61 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
400 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
210 °C 410 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
630 °C 1160 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
510 °C 940 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
150 W/m-K 89 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
40 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
120 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Density
3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.1 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 64 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1130 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
35 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1250 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
46 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
45 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
45 points
Thermal Diffusivity
58 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
21 points
Alloy Composition
| Al | 90.4 to 95 | |
| Cu | 3.9 to 5.0 | |
| Si | 0.5 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| Mg | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.15 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.1 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.15 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire
Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001
Handbook of Aluminum Bonding Technology and Data, J. D. Minford, 1993
EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties
ASTM B209: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties
EN 485-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Sheet, strip and plate. Mechanical properties
Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013
ISO 6361-2: Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheets, strips and plates - Part 2: Mechanical properties
EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products