ASTM A182 Grade F1 (K12822) Steel
ASTM A182 grade F1 is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. F1 is the ASTM designation for this material. K12822 is the UNS number.
It has a very low electrical conductivity among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a moderately low embodied energy and a moderately low base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade F1 to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
22 %
Fatigue Strength
220 MPa 32 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
34 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
340 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
540 MPa 79 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
310 MPa 45 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
410 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1470 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.4 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.6 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
260 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
19 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
16 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade F1 is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo). Manganese is used to improve hardenability, hot workability, and surface quality. There is some loss of ductility and weldability, however. Molybdenum is used to facilitate tempering. In addition, it offers modest bonuses to a wide range of material properties.
| Fe | 97.7 to 98.8 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| Mo | 0.44 to 0.65 | |
| Si | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0 to 0.28 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| S | 0 to 0.045 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service