ASTM A182 Grade F23 (K41650) Steel
ASTM A182 grade F23 is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized and tempered condition. F23 is the ASTM designation for this material. K41650 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly high base cost among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a fairly high embodied energy and a moderately high electrical conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade F23 to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
22 %
Fatigue Strength
320 MPa 47 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
46 %
Shear Modulus
74 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
570 MPa 83 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
460 MPa 66 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
450 °C 840 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1500 °C 2730 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1450 °C 2650 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
41 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.8 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.0 % relative
Density
8.0 g/cm3 500 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
36 MJ/kg 16 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
59 L/kg 7.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
5.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
550 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
20 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
17 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade F23 is notable for including tungsten (W) and boron (B). Tungsten interacts with other alloying elements to a greater extent than usual, which makes it hard to broadly characterize its effects. Boron is used to improve hardenability. It has a substantial effect when added in even tiny amounts.
| Fe | 93.2 to 96.2 | |
| Cr | 1.9 to 2.6 | |
| W | 1.5 to 1.8 | |
| Mn | 0.1 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.5 | |
| V | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Mo | 0.050 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| Nb | 0.020 to 0.080 | |
| Ti | 0.0050 to 0.060 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.030 | |
| N | 0 to 0.015 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 | |
| B | 0.0010 to 0.0060 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service