ASTM A356 Grade 10 (J22090) Cast Steel
ASTM A356 grade 10 is an alloy steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the heat treated (HT) condition. ASTM A356 Grade 10 is the ASTM designation for this material. J22090 is the UNS number.
It has a moderately low thermal conductivity among cast alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high base cost and a moderately high ductility.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A356 grade 10 to: cast alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
23 %
Fatigue Strength
300 MPa 44 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
39 %
Shear Modulus
74 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
670 MPa 97 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
430 MPa 62 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
260 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
460 °C 860 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1470 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1430 °C 2600 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
39 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.8 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.9 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
23 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
59 L/kg 7.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
5.9
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
130 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
480 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A356 grade 10 is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of molybdenum (Mo) and chromium (Cr). Molybdenum is used to facilitate tempering. In addition, it offers modest bonuses to a wide range of material properties. Chromium is used to improve corrosion resistance and most mechanical properties (particularly at higher temperatures).
| Fe | 94.4 to 96.6 | |
| Cr | 2.0 to 2.8 | |
| Mo | 0.9 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.6 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A356: Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines