ASTM A414 Grade A Steel
ASTM A414 grade A is a type of ASTM A414 steel. Cited properties are appropriate for the hot worked condition. It has the lowest strength compared to the other variants of ASTM A414 steel.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A414 grade A to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
26 %
Fatigue Strength
140 MPa 21 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
230 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
360 MPa 53 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 760 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.4 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
80 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
100 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
14 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.2 to 99.98 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.9 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.15 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.12 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.080 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.035 | |
| V | 0 to 0.030 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.025 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A414: Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy for Pressure Vessels
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015