ASTM A732 Grade 4Q Cast Steel
ASTM A732 grade 4Q is a type of ASTM A732 cast steel. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A732 grade 4Q to: cast alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
290
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
5.0 %
Fatigue Strength
450 MPa 65 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
970 MPa 140 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
790 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
260 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2640 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C 2570 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.0 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.2 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
47 L/kg 5.6 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
45 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1660 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
34 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
28 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
29 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.8 to 98.9 | |
| Mn | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0.2 to 1.0 | |
| C | 0.45 to 0.55 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.5 | |
| W | 0 to 0.1 | |
| S | 0 to 0.045 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A732: Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015