Annealed 420 Stainless Steel
Annealed AISI 420 is AISI 420 stainless steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed AISI 420 to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
15 %
Fatigue Strength
220 MPa 33 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Rockwell B Hardness
84
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
420 MPa 61 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
690 MPa 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 730 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
620 °C 1150 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1510 °C 2750 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1450 °C 2640 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
27 W/m-K 16 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
10 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.5 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
28 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
14
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
88 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
380 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
7.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
25 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 82.3 to 87.9 | |
| Cr | 12 to 14 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.75 | |
| C | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.5 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A176: Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010