Annealed (+A) 1.3576 Steel
EN 1.3576 +A steel is EN 1.3576 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.3576 +A steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
27 %
Fatigue Strength
360 MPa 52 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
430 MPa 63 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
670 MPa 97 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
480 MPa 69 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
420 °C 790 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
46 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.5 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.4 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
22 MJ/kg 9.4 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
53 L/kg 6.3 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
160 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
610 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
12 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
20 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 95.5 to 97.5 | |
| Ni | 1.6 to 2.0 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 0.7 | |
| Cr | 0.35 to 0.65 | |
| Mo | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0.17 to 0.23 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.050 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| O | 0 to 0.0020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ISO 683-17: Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015