Annealed (+A) 1.8152 Steel
EN 1.8152 +A steel is EN 1.8152 steel in the annealed condition. It has the second lowest strength compared to the other variants of EN 1.8152 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8152 +A steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
20 %
Fatigue Strength
310 MPa 45 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
450 MPa 66 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
720 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
450 MPa 65 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
410 °C 780 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C 2630 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1400 °C 2550 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
47 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
25 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
49 L/kg 5.9 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
540 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
26 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
23 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 96 to 97.2 | |
| Si | 1.2 to 1.6 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| Cr | 0.5 to 0.8 | |
| C | 0.51 to 0.59 | |
| V | 0.1 to 0.2 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10089: Hot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015