Annealed M44 Tool Steel
Annealed SAE-AISI M44 is SAE-AISI M44 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI M44 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
260
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
78 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
870 MPa 130 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1590 °C 2890 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1540 °C 2800 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
440 J/kg-K 0.1 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
14 W/m-K 7.9 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
43 % relative
Density
8.4 g/cm3 530 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
9.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
170 L/kg 20 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
35
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
23 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
28 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
24 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.7 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
27 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 65.3 to 70.6 | |
| Co | 11 to 12.3 | |
| Mo | 6.0 to 7.0 | |
| W | 5.0 to 5.8 | |
| Cr | 4.0 to 4.8 | |
| V | 1.9 to 2.2 | |
| C | 1.1 to 1.2 | |
| Si | 0.3 to 0.55 | |
| Mn | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A600: Standard Specification for Tool Steel High Speed
Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998
Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015