Annealed P4 Tool Steel
Annealed SAE-AISI P4 is SAE-AISI P4 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI P4 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
21 %
Fatigue Strength
130 MPa 19 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
74 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
240 MPa 35 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
390 MPa 56 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
260 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
41 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
8.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
9.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
4.4 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
23 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
68 L/kg 8.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
7.0
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
67 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
94 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
14 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
15 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
13 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 92.3 to 95.3 | |
| Cr | 4.0 to 5.3 | |
| Mo | 0.4 to 1.0 | |
| Mn | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0.1 to 0.4 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| C | 0 to 0.12 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998
Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996