Annealed S6 Tool Steel
Annealed SAE-AISI S6 is SAE-AISI S6 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI S6 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 %
Fatigue Strength
230 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
410 MPa 59 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
670 MPa 97 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
350 MPa 51 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C 2610 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C 2530 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
41 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.9 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.2 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.3 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
33 MJ/kg 14 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
56 L/kg 6.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
2.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
89 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
340 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
22 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 92.8 to 94.7 | |
| Si | 2.0 to 2.5 | |
| Mn | 1.2 to 1.5 | |
| Cr | 1.2 to 1.5 | |
| C | 0.4 to 0.5 | |
| Mo | 0.3 to 0.5 | |
| V | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015