Cold Drawn (+U+C) 1.0234 Steel
EN 1.0234 +U+C steel is EN 1.0234 steel in the cold worked (strain hardened) condition. It has the highest strength compared to the other variants of EN 1.0234 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.0234 +U+C steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
140
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
18 %
Fatigue Strength
270 MPa 40 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
64 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
300 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
480 MPa 70 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
410 MPa 59 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
53 W/m-K 31 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.0 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
83 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
440 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
17 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
17 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
15 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 99.02 to 99.5 | |
| Mn | 0.35 to 0.6 | |
| C | 0.13 to 0.17 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10263-2: Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for steels not intended for heat treatment after cold working
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015