Core Hardened (+CH) 1.7213 Steel
EN 1.7213 +CH steel is EN 1.7213 steel in the core hardened (CH) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.7213 +CH steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Rockwell C Hardness
41
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1330 MPa 190 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
420 °C 800 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
44 W/m-K 25 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.4 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.5 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.5 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
52 L/kg 6.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
47 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
34 points
Thermal Diffusivity
12 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
39 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 96.7 to 98.1 | |
| Cr | 0.9 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| C | 0.22 to 0.29 | |
| Mo | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.25 | |
| S | 0.020 to 0.040 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
EN 10263-4: Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion - Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for steels for quenching and tempering
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015