EN 1.0308 (E235) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.0308 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.0308 is the EN numeric designation for this material. E235 is the EN chemical designation. It can have a moderately low tensile strength among the wrought carbon or non-alloy steels in the database.
The properties of EN 1.0308 steel include three common variations. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.0308 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
100 to 130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
7.8 to 28 %
Fatigue Strength
140 to 200 MPa 20 to 29 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
230 to 260 MPa 34 to 38 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
360 to 440 MPa 52 to 64 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
190 to 340 MPa 27 to 49 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
51 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.1 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
32 to 95 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
93 to 300 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
13 to 16 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
14 to 16 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 to 14 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 98.2 to 100 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.2 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0 to 0.17 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| S | 0 to 0.045 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10296-1: Welded circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes
EN 10297-1: Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015