EN 1.0481 (P295GH) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.0481 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized condition. 1.0481 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P295GH is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high embodied energy among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high base cost and a moderately high electrical conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.0481 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
24 %
Fatigue Strength
210 MPa 31 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
46 J 34 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
330 MPa 47 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
510 MPa 75 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
300 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
50 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.4 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
49 L/kg 5.8 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
100 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
230 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
18 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
18 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
16 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 96.8 to 99 | |
| Mn | 0.9 to 1.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0.080 to 0.2 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.080 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.024 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.030 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.020 | |
| V | 0 to 0.020 | |
| N | 0 to 0.012 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10028-2: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015