EN 1.4935 (X20CrMoWV12-1) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4935 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.4935 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X20CrMoWV12-1 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high embodied energy among the wrought martensitic stainless steels in the database.
The properties of EN 1.4935 stainless steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.4935 stainless steel to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 to 18 %
Fatigue Strength
350 to 400 MPa 51 to 58 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
480 to 540 MPa 70 to 78 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
780 to 880 MPa 110 to 130 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
570 to 670 MPa 83 to 97 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
380 °C 720 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
740 °C 1360 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2670 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
24 W/m-K 14 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
9.0 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
42 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
16
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
130 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
830 to 1160 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
28 to 31 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
24 to 26 points
Thermal Diffusivity
6.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
27 to 30 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4935 stainless steel is notable for including tungsten (W) and vanadium (V). Tungsten interacts with other alloying elements to a greater extent than usual, which makes it hard to broadly characterize its effects. Vanadium has a strong hardening effect, but this effect is particularly sensitive to the type of tempering.
| Fe | 83 to 86.7 | |
| Cr | 11 to 12.5 | |
| Mo | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.8 | |
| Ni | 0.3 to 0.8 | |
| W | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0.1 to 0.5 | |
| V | 0.2 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0.17 to 0.24 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys
Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015