EN 1.6956 (33NiCrMoV14-5) Nickel-Chromium Steel
EN 1.6956 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.6956 is the EN numeric designation for this material. 33NiCrMoV14-5 is the EN chemical designation.
It has the lowest ductility among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high density and a very high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.6956 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
370
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
9.6 %
Fatigue Strength
680 MPa 98 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
25 J 19 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
730 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1230 MPa 180 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1120 MPa 160 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
440 °C 830 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
46 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
8.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
9.1 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
5.0 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.2 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
31 MJ/kg 13 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
60 L/kg 7.1 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
2.8
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
3320 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
43 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
32 points
Thermal Diffusivity
12 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
36 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.6956 steel is notable for including vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni). Vanadium has a strong hardening effect, but this effect is particularly sensitive to the type of tempering. Nickel is used to improve mechanical properties, and to make the alloy easier to heat treat.
| Fe | 92.4 to 95.3 | |
| Ni | 2.9 to 3.8 | |
| Cr | 1.0 to 1.7 | |
| Mo | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| C | 0.28 to 0.38 | |
| Mn | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| V | 0.080 to 0.25 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.035 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10250-3: Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes - Part 3: Alloy special steels
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015