EN 1.8881 (P690QL1) Nickel Steel
EN 1.8881 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8881 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P690QL1 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a very high electrical conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a fairly high embodied energy and a fairly high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8881 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
16 %
Fatigue Strength
460 MPa 67 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
90 J 66 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
510 MPa 74 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
830 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
710 MPa 100 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
260 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
420 °C 790 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
8.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
9.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.7 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
26 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
54 L/kg 6.4 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
2.0
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
1320 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
29 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
24 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8881 steel is notable for including zirconium (Zr) and boron (B). Zirconium is used to improve ductility. Boron is used to improve hardenability. It has a substantial effect when added in even tiny amounts.
| Fe | 91.9 to 100 | |
| Ni | 0 to 2.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.7 | |
| Cr | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.7 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.15 | |
| V | 0 to 0.12 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.060 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| N | 0 to 0.015 | |
| S | 0 to 0.0080 | |
| B | 0 to 0.0050 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10028-6: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015