EN CR021A (Cu-HCP) Low-Phosphorus Copper
CR021A copper is a lightly alloyed grade of copper, formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. CR021A is the EN numeric designation for this material. Cu-HCP is the EN chemical designation.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare CR021A copper to: cast coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
120 GPa 17 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
15 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.34
Shear Modulus
43 GPa 6.3 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
230 MPa 33 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
140 MPa 20 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
210 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
200 °C 390 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1090 °C 2000 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1040 °C 1900 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
390 J/kg-K 0.092 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
380 W/m-K 220 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
98 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
99 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
31 % relative
Density
9.0 g/cm3 560 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.6 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
41 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
320 L/kg 38 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
31 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
83 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
7.2 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
18 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
7.1 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
9.3 points
Thermal Diffusivity
110 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
8.1 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast copper alloys, the composition of CR021A copper is notable for including silver (Ag) and bismuth (Bi). Silver is used to increase recrystallization temperature in copper alloys. This permits operation at higher temperatures without permanent loss of mechanical properties. Bismuth improves machinability and pressure tightness. It is used a non-toxic but more expensive replacement for lead.
| Cu | 99.95 to 99.998 | |
| Ag | 0 to 0.015 | |
| P | 0.0020 to 0.0070 | |
| Pb | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| Bi | 0 to 0.00050 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 1976: Copper and copper alloys - Cast unwrought copper products