Full-Hard (H04) C12900 Copper
H04 C12900 copper is C12900 copper in the H04 (full hard) temper. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare H04 C12900 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
120 GPa 17 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
13 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.34
Rockwell B Hardness
44
Rockwell F Hardness
89
Rockwell Superficial 30T Hardness
57
Shear Modulus
43 GPa 6.3 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
330 MPa 48 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
320 MPa 46 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
210 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
200 °C 390 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1080 °C 1980 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1030 °C 1880 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
390 J/kg-K 0.092 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
380 W/m-K 220 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
98 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
98 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
32 % relative
Density
9.0 g/cm3 560 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.6 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
41 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
330 L/kg 39 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
44 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
430 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
7.2 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
18 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
10 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
12 points
Thermal Diffusivity
110 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
12 points
Alloy Composition
| Cu | 99.88 to 100 | |
| Ag | 0 to 0.054 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Te | 0 to 0.025 | |
| As | 0 to 0.012 | |
| Pb | 0 to 0.0040 | |
| Bi | 0 to 0.0030 | |
| Sb | 0 to 0.0030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015